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Space Station freedom the next step in

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our continuing effort to explore beyond

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Earth's boundaries as we establish a

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permanent presence in space new medical

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challenges will have to be met with

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longer missions larger crews and the

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complexities of a medical rescue the

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health of freedoms international crew

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will be essential for the success of

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the crew health care system or checks is

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currently being designed and developed

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distributed throughout the space station

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this system will provide the total

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spectrum of crew health care with three

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distinct but interconnected components

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the exercise countermeasures facility

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the environmental health system and the

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health maintenance facility following is

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a description of the exercise

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countermeasures facility or ECF

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component in space the human body is not

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working against the forces of gravity as

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the body adapts to weightlessness

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skeletal muscles shrink or atrophy and

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bone structure changes these and other

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physiological changes are part of the

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deconditioning process resulting from

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the effect of zero gravity exercise can

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be an extremely effective countermeasure

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to deconditioning the exercise

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countermeasures facility will provide a

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comprehensive exercise program so that

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future astronauts can remain physically

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fit during extended stays in space for

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different laboratories at NASA's Johnson

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Space Center are working on the exercise

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countermeasures facility the exercise

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development lab the exercise physiology

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lab the anthropometry and biomechanics

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products from the combined efforts of

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these labs will include special exercise

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equipment individualized exercise

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programs or prescriptions Medical

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monitors and computers designed to

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integrate the system the exercise

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development lab specializes in the

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operational and logistical concerns of

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exercising in space this lab is also

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responsible for development and

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integration of exercise hardware and

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equipment currently being considered for

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use on Space Station freedom includes a

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treadmill a combination bicycle rowing

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the exercise physiology lab is

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developing individualized exercise

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programs or prescriptions for

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crewmembers this lab is also evaluating

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the effectiveness of exercise programs

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in preventing or minimizing

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the anthropometry and biomechanics lab

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is evaluating and establishing the

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biomechanical effectiveness of exercise

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equipment this will help determine how

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well the human body interacts with the

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equipment in zero-gravity development of

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the biomechanical requirements for intra

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Vic Uhler and extra vehicular activities

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is also done in this lab the artificial

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intelligence lab is responsible for

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establishing requirements for database

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management data analysis and developing

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automation of the exercise protocol so

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bored freedom a computer-controlled

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expert system using an artificial

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intelligence program will be able to

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automatically adjust each astronauts

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daily exercise regimen in order to test

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the exercise equipment and verify the

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procedures prior to trials in space

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several methods are utilized on the

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ground to simulate the microgravity

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environment one method uses JSC's

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weightless environment test facility

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here neutral buoyancy is used to

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simulate microgravity conditions another

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method used in testing is NASA's kc-135

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a modified Boeing 707 airplane the plane

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is flown in parabolic arcs to create

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approximately 30 seconds of near

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weightlessness at the crest of each

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parabola dr. bernard harris head of the

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exercise countermeasures project at JSC

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explains the overall goals of the

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project basically there are two types of

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exercise that will provide for extended

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duration flight aerobic exercise which

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will be used with cardiovascular

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conditioning and anaerobic exercise will

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be used for muscle and bone conditioning

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providing exercise training in the

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microgravity environment will provide us

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a tremendous challenge without gravity

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acting on the body we're going to have

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design restraint systems which will

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actually hold the astronaut to the

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exercise equipment with extended

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duration missions we're concerned about

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the psychological welfare of the crew

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and the physiological aspects for this

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reason we have designed a motivational

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system to be used in conjunction with

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the exercise facility exercise in space

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is more than staying in condition for

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the return to Earth's gravity it is the

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key to good health over prolonged

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periods of weightlessness as part of the

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crew health care system the exercise

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countermeasures facility is being

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developed today to provide an exercise

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program that will improve pre-flight in